TOMSK, 1 July - RIA Tomsk. Tomsk
region, Tomsk province and Tomsk celebrate the anniversaries in 2014 – 70, 210
and 410 years. Exact date of the foundation of Tomsk is October, 7, 1604.
Tomsk is a
regional center of Tomsk region with the population of 560,5 thousand people.
It is located in Western Siberia, on the right bank of the river of Tom in 3,5
thousand kilometers from Moscow.
Tomsk was
founded in 1604 under the decree of the tsar Boris Godunov as military fortress
and during XVII century was the important military center ensuring safety of
eastern frontiers of the Russian state.
Tomsk lost
the strategic importance In the XVIII century when the borders of the state
were removed far to the south and the East, and till middle of XX century
becomes a place of deportation. Ibrahim Hannibal (Peter the Great's Negro),
Gabriel Batenkov (Decembrist), Mikhail Bakunin (one of ideologists of
anarchism), Nikolay Erdman (playwright), Nikolay Klyuev (poet) were deported
this way.
© Валерий Доронин
Tomsk
becomes a district city in 1708 after formation of the Siberian province.
Soon The
Siberian Route which connects the center of Russia with its east suburb becomes
a basis of the city life. Thanks to this route carting and trade became the
main businesses of residents of Tomsk.
The city
became the center of the huge Tomsk province in 1804 which included territories
of present Altai Republic, Altai Krai, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions,
East Kazakhstan region (Kazakhstan), the western parts of Khakassia and
Krasnoyarsk Krai.
Fast growth
of Tomsk began at the end of the 1830th after opening and development of the
gold mines in Tomsk province. Development of a gold mining concentrated a big
capital which revived activity of the Siberian merchants in Tomsk.
The
Siberia's first Commodity exchange was open in Tomsk In 1901.
By the end
of the XIX century Tomsk turned into the most multioccupied city of Siberia,
and by the beginning of World War I entered number 20 of the largest cities of
the country.
At the end
of XIX – the beginning of the XX century the first higher educational
institutions in Asian part of Russia opened in Tomsk – Imperial university and
Institute of technology.
Tomsk
wasn't involved in the Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway at the end of
the XIX century. It negatively affected
its further economic development: Tomsk started conceding in rates of economic
and industrial growth to other Siberian cities.
The Soviet
authority was proclaimed December, 6, 1917 in Tomsk, and the Tomsk City Council
dismissed the Siberian region duma on January 26, 1918.
After
revolution Tomsk loses the provincial status. The city was a part of Siberian
Krai, and later of West Siberia. In 1937 Tomsk and the territories adjoining to
it appeared as a part of Novosibirsk region. The period from 1918 to 1944 was
time of serious decline of Tomsk, there was a powerful outflow of the
population to the fast-growing Novosibirsk and other cities located on the
Trans-Siberian Railway.
The
administrative and economic situation of Tomsk changed during the Great
Patriotic War. About 30 enterprises
which became a basis of the industry of the city were evacuated here out From
the European part of Russia.